Learn the future tenses of the verb karna "to do"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Becky: Hi everyone, and welcome back to UrduPod101.com. This is Beginner Season 1 Lesson 16 - Shopping for Vegetables in Pakistan. Becky here. |
| Hamza: السلام علیکم (Assalam u alaikum). I'm Hamza. |
| Becky: In this lesson, you’ll learn the future tenses of the verb "to do." The conversation takes place at a street market. |
| Hamza: It's between a man and a vendor. |
| Becky: The speakers are strangers in a customer service context; therefore, they’ll speak formal Urdu. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| آدمی: آلو کتنے کے ہیں؟ |
| بیچنے والا: پچیس روپے فی کلوگرام. |
| آدمی: یہ بہت مہنگے ہیں. اگر آپ قیمت کم کر سکتے ہیں، تو میں چار کلو گرام خرید لوں گا. |
| بیچنے والا: ٹھیک ہے، آپ چار کلو گرام کے لئے بیس روپے ادا کر دیں. |
| آدمی: ٹماٹر کتنے کے ہیں؟ |
| بیچنے والا: بیس روپےفی کلوگرام . آپ کتنے لیں گے؟ |
| آدمی: آلو کے ساتھ، دو کلو گرام. |
| Becky: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| آدمی: آلو کتنے کے ہیں؟ |
| بیچنے والا: پچیس روپے فی کلوگرام. |
| آدمی: یہ بہت مہنگے ہیں. اگر آپ قیمت کم کر سکتے ہیں، تو میں چار کلو گرام خرید لوں گا. |
| بیچنے والا: ٹھیک ہے، آپ چار کلو گرام کے لئے بیس روپے ادا کر دیں. |
| آدمی: ٹماٹر کتنے کے ہیں؟ |
| بیچنے والا: بیس روپےفی کلوگرام . آپ کتنے لیں گی؟ |
| آدمی: آلو کے ساتھ، دو کلو گرام. |
| Becky: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Man: How much for the potatoes? |
| Vendor: Twenty-five rupees per kilogram. |
| Man: That's too expensive. If you can lower the price, I'll buy four kilograms. |
| Vendor: Okay, you can pay twenty rupees per kilogram for the four kilograms. |
| Man: How much for the tomatoes? |
| Vendor: Twenty rupees per kilogram. How much would you like? |
| Man: Two kilograms, along with the potatoes. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Becky: So that conversation was at a street market. Is that a typical place for people to buy vegetables in Pakistan? |
| Hamza: Yes, it is. Traditionally, farming families sell fresh food daily in towns and cities. |
| Becky: I noticed that the man in the dialogue negotiated the price down a little. Is that also normal? |
| Hamza: Yes, it is. There will be set prices, but you can haggle. Buyers will pick the vegetables they think are the best and sell by the kilo. |
| Becky: Are these street markets pretty big? |
| Hamza: They can be. The farm families will go to the market with their cart full of fruit and vegetables, but some will wheel their carts around a neighborhood. |
| Becky: Oh, I think I’ve seen people selling in neighborhoods with fruit baskets on their heads instead of pulling carts. |
| Hamza: That happens too! |
| Becky: Is this the same in the big cities? |
| Hamza: In the big cities, people often get their fruit and vegetables from vegetable markets known as سبزی منڈی. You can find these on the outskirts of the city. |
| Becky: And then shopkeepers can also buy from this market and sell these products in their shops in the inner city. |
| Hamza: That’s right. |
| Becky: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Becky: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Hamza: آلو [natural native speed] |
| Becky: potato |
| Hamza: آلو [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: آلو [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: کتنے [natural native speed] |
| Becky: for how much |
| Hamza: کتنے [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: کتنے [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: پچیس [natural native speed] |
| Becky: twenty-five |
| Hamza: پچیس [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: پچیس [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: بہت [natural native speed] |
| Becky: lot, more |
| Hamza: بہت [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: بہت [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: ساتھ [natural native speed] |
| Becky: with, together |
| Hamza: ساتھ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: ساتھ [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: قیمت [natural native speed] |
| Becky: cost, price |
| Hamza: قیمت [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: قیمت [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: کم [natural native speed] |
| Becky: less, lesser |
| Hamza: کم [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: کم [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: ٹھیک ہے [natural native speed] |
| Becky: all right, OK |
| Hamza: ٹھیک ہے [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: ٹھیک ہے [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: بیس [natural native speed] |
| Becky: twenty |
| Hamza: بیس [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: بیس [natural native speed] |
| Becky: And last... |
| Hamza: ٹماٹر [natural native speed] |
| Becky: tomato |
| Hamza: ٹماٹر [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: ٹماٹر [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Becky: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Hamza: بہت |
| Becky: meaning "lot, more." This word is an adverb. |
| Hamza: You can use this word to say that there’s a lot of something. |
| Becky: Can you use it in any other way? |
| Hamza: Yes, you can also use it to say that something has a high intensity, such as “very cold.” |
| Becky: Is this use formal or informal? |
| Hamza: When used for intensity, it’s informal. |
| Becky: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hamza: Sure. For example, you can say, آج بہت ابر آلود دن ہے |
| Becky: ...which means "Today is a very cloudy day." |
| Becky: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Hamza: کم |
| Becky: meaning "less, lesser." This is an adjective. |
| Hamza: It’s used in everyday life to talk about having small or less quantity. |
| Becky: Can it be used for intensity, like the previous word? |
| Hamza: Yes, it can. You can say that it’s “less cold” using this word. |
| Becky: Is this also informal when used for intensity? |
| Hamza: Yes, it is. It’s really similar in use to بہت. |
| Becky: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hamza: Sure. For example, you can say, سردی کم ہو رہی ہے. |
| Becky: ...which means "The cold is getting less." |
| Becky: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Hamza: ساتھ |
| Becky: meaning "with, together." This is an adverb. |
| Hamza: It has two uses. You can use it to say that you’re doing something with another person. |
| Becky: So you’re doing it “together.” |
| Hamza: Or that you’d like two different things together. |
| Becky: “A with B.” Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hamza: Sure. For example, you can say, مجهے پیزا کے ساتھ ایک کوک چاہیے. |
| Becky: ...which means "I want a coke with a pizza." |
| Becky: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Becky: In this lesson, you'll learn about the future tenses of the verb "to do." Before we look at this verb in-depth, let’s look at the future tense in general. What’s the word for “future tense” in Urdu? |
| Hamza: It’s فعل مستقبل, and there are three types. |
| Becky: The first is the simple future tense. |
| Hamza: This is made by a verb in first form, with either ga, gay, or gi. An example is میں پاکستان جائوں گا |
| Becky: “I will go to Pakistan.” Next is the future continuous tense. |
| Hamza: This is made from a verb in the رہا (raha) form, or “-ing” form, followed by a particle. In masculine singular, it sounds like raha hun ga. |
| Becky: And in masculine plural? |
| Hamza: That’s rahay hoon gay. |
| Becky: And in feminine? |
| Hamza: rahi hun gi. |
| Becky: Let’s hear an example using the masculine singular. |
| Hamza: میں کھیل رہا ہوں گا |
| Becky: “I will be playing.” Finally, we have the future perfect tense. |
| Hamza: In this tense, we use “shall/will” verbs, followed by the same particles as before. Those are hun ga, hoon gay, or hun gi. |
| Becky: Again, an example please. |
| Hamza: میں فلم دیکھ چکا ہوں گا |
| Becky: “I will have watched the film.” |
| Hamza: Now let’s look at کرنا. |
| Becky: This means “to do.” It’s one of the most used verbs in Urdu, as it can be used with participles and nouns. |
| Hamza: It’s also a special verb, because its conjugations are often irregular. |
| Becky: Okay. What are the simple forms of this verb? |
| Hamza: The simple present forms are the masculine karta, the feminine karti. Both the plural and the masculine polite are kartay. |
| Becky: And the simple past forms? |
| Hamza: Just kiya. You can use that for all genders. |
| Becky: That one’s easy! Let’s go through the simple future forms. Masculine is... |
| Hamza: karay ga |
| Becky: Masculine self |
| Hamza: karun ga |
| Becky: Feminine |
| Hamza: karay gi |
| Becky: Feminine self |
| Hamza: karun gi |
| Becky: And now, what about the plural forms? |
| Hamza: karein gi is feminine plural or feminine polite; karein gay is masculine plural or masculine polite. |
| Becky: Okay, let’s hear an example using the masculine/feminine plural. |
| Hamza: ہم نے پہلے بهی ان ڈراموں کو کیا تھا. |
| Becky: "We had done these plays before." Let’s complete the explanation about the verb “to do,” by saying something about its imperative forms.There are three different ones. One is for the intimate level... |
| Hamza: That’s کر kar. For example, you can say اس کو جلدی ختم کر. |
| Becky: Which means "Finish this quickly." |
| Hamza: Then we have the familiar level: کرو karo. For example, you can say ابهی یہ کام کرو. |
| Becky: Meaning “Do this job now.” |
| Hamza: Finally there’s the polite level: کریے kariye and کیجیے kijiye. For example, آپ تکلیف مت کریے. |
| Becky: Which means “Please don’t bother yourself with this.” |
Outro |
| Becky: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Hamza: پهر ملیں گے! (Phir milenge!) |
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