Learn how to use the conjunctions "So" and "Therefore"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Becky: Hi everyone, and welcome back to UrduPod101.com This is Beginner Season 1 Lesson 15 - What Would You Like to Eat at this Pakistani Restaurant? Becky here. |
| Hamza: السلام علیکم (Assalam u alaikum). I'm Hamza. |
| Becky: In this lesson, you’ll learn the conjunctions "so" and "therefore." The conversation takes place at a restaurant. |
| Hamza: It's between a man and a waiter. |
| Becky: The speakers are strangers in a customer service context; therefore, they’ll speak formal Urdu. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| آدمی: براہ مہربانی دو پلیٹیں مٹن دال اور ایک پلیٹ شامی کباب. |
| بیرا: میں معزرت چاہتا ہوں، ہمارے پاس اس وقت شامی کباب نہیں ہے. آپ اس کی بجائے چکن کڑاہی لیں گے؟ |
| آدمی: کیا آپ کے پاس کوئی اور کباب ہے؟ گولا کباب؟ |
| بیرا: ہمارے پاس گولا کباب بهی نہیں ہے. ہمارے پاس تکہ کباب اور سیخ کباب ہے. |
| آدمی: ٹھیک. ہم تکہ کباب لیں گے.اور ہم تهوڑا جلدی میں ہیں، لہذا کیا آپ جلدی دے سکتے ہیں؟ |
| بیرا: جی بلکل. |
| Becky: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| آدمی: براہ مہربانی دو پلیٹیں مٹن دال اور ایک پلیٹ شامی کباب. |
| بیرا: میں معزرت چاہتا ہوں، ہمارے پاس اس وقت شامی کباب نہیں ہے. آپ اس کی بجائے چکن کڑاہی لیں گے؟ |
| آدمی: کیا آپ کے پاس کوئی اور کباب ہے؟ گولا کباب؟ |
| بیرا: ہمارے پاس گولا کباب بهی نہیں ہے. ہمارے پاس تکہ کباب اور سیخ کباب ہے. |
| آدمی: ٹھیک. ہم تکہ کباب لیں گے.اور ہم تهوڑا جلدی میں ہیں، لہذا کیا آپ جلدی دے سکتے ہیں؟ |
| بیرا: جی بلکل. |
| Becky: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Man: Two plates of lentil stew and one plate of shami kebab, please. |
| Waiter: I'm sorry, we don't have shami kabab right now. Would you like chicken karahi instead? |
| Man: Do you have any other kebab? Gola kebab? |
| Waiter: We don't have gola kebab either. We have tikka kebab and seekh kebab. |
| Man: Okay, we'll take tikka kebab. Also, we're in a bit of a hurry, so could you please serve us quickly? |
| Waiter: Yes, of course. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Becky: Suddenly, I’m feeling rather hungry! |
| Hamza: Me too! I think that Pakistani curries and naan are famous across the world. |
| Becky: I think so too. You can eat them everywhere. |
| Hamza: They’re so tasty because Pakistani dishes use a variety of spices. |
| Becky: I love chicken curries and usually order a kebab or sajji to go with it. |
| Hamza: Those are good! People in Pakistan love meat curries, such as chicken, mutton, and beef. |
| Becky: Is food the same across all of Pakistan, or does it vary by region? |
| Hamza: The four provinces have their own specialities and flavors. Lahore in the Punjab region is especially known for its delicious and diverse food. |
| Becky: Really? Can you tell us some more about that? |
| Hamza: There are some oily dishes, like roti or naan. |
| Becky: What about sweets? |
| Hamza: Sweet dishes that are cooked in pure milk and butter are very popular. |
| Becky: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Becky: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Hamza: مٹن دال [natural native speed] |
| Becky: lentil stew |
| Hamza: مٹن دال [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: مٹن دال [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: معزرت [natural native speed] |
| Becky: please, excuse me |
| Hamza: معزرت [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: معزرت [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: اس کی بجائے [natural native speed] |
| Becky: as a substitute, instead |
| Hamza: اس کی بجائے [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: اس کی بجائے [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: چکن [natural native speed] |
| Becky: chicken |
| Hamza: چکن [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: چکن [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: بلکل [natural native speed] |
| Becky: of course |
| Hamza: بلکل [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: بلکل [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: جلدی [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to hurry |
| Hamza: جلدی [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: جلدی [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have... |
| Hamza: تهوڑا [natural native speed] |
| Becky: bit |
| Hamza: تهوڑا [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: تهوڑا [natural native speed] |
| Becky: And last... |
| Hamza: پلیٹیں [natural native speed] |
| Becky: plates |
| Hamza: پلیٹیں [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hamza: پلیٹیں [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Becky: Let's have a closer look at the usage of one of the phrases from this lesson. The phrase is... |
| Hamza: اس کی بجائے |
| Becky: meaning "as a substitute, instead." This phrase is an adverb. |
| Hamza: Yes, and this phrase is used a lot during shopping. |
| Becky: Oh, so if someone doesn’t like an item, they’ll use this adverb to ask for a substitute? |
| Hamza: That’s right. |
| Becky: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Hamza: Sure. For example, you can say, کیا آپ انگور کی بجائے سیب دے سکتے ہیں؟ |
| Becky: ...which means "Can you give apples instead of grapes?" |
| Hamza: Here’s another example: |
| کیا آپ سفید کی بجائے سرخ سوٹ دکها سکتے ہیں؟ |
| Becky: meaning “Can you show the red suit instead of the white one?” |
| Becky: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Becky: In this lesson, you'll learn about the conjunctions “so” and “therefore.” Conjunctions are those small words that join two sentences or clauses together. |
| Hamza: That’s right. In Urdu, we call them مواصلت. |
| Becky: In this lesson, we’re going to look specifically at the conjunctions which mean “so” and “therefore.” |
| Hamza: I want to introduce two conjunctions that mean this. The first is لہذا. |
| Becky: How’s this conjunction used? |
| Hamza: It’s used to show a cause and effect. |
| Becky: This is the cause, so this the effect. Let’s hear a couple of sample sentences. |
| Hamza: دکان بند ہے لہذا کل آیے. |
| Becky: “The shop is closed, so please come back tomorrow.” |
| Hamza: بہت گرمی ہےلہذا تمام برف پگھل گئی ہے. |
| Becky: “It’s very hot, so all the ice has melted.” |
| Hamza: The second conjunction we’ll introduce is تو. This is often used with kia. |
| Becky: Together, the two words mean “so what?” |
| Hamza: You can use this to talk about two contrasting points. |
| Becky: An example, please! |
| Hamza: مشکل ہے تو کیا ہوا؟ ہم اس کو ختم کریں گے. |
| Becky: “So what if it is difficult? We will finish the task.” Hamza, let’s quickly run through a few more common conjunctions so that our listeners can recognise them if they hear them in a sentence. |
| Hamza: Sure. There’s لیکن |
| Becky: “But.” |
| Hamza: تاہم |
| Becky: “However.” |
| Hamza: کیونکہ |
| Becky: “Because.” |
| Hamza: اور |
| Becky: “Or.” There are a few more listed in the lesson notes, so be sure to check them out! |
Outro |
| Becky: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Hamza: پهر ملیں گے! (Phir milenge!) |
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